COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a structured, goal-oriented approach that focuses on the link between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. It is based on the idea that unhelpful thought patterns can influence emotional distress and lead to maladaptive behaviours. By identifying and challenging these patterns, clients can develop healthier perspectives and coping strategies. CBT uses practical tools, such as keeping diaries, graduate exposure to unpleasant stimulus and behavioural experiments. It is the most recognised evidence-based therapeutic approach and especially effective for mental-health focused therapy and empowers clients to become their own therapists by applying skills outside the therapy room.

View of Human Nature:
Thoughts, behaviours, and emotions interact
Cause of Problems:
Unhealthy thought patterns, learned behaviours
Therapeutic Approach: 
Cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, behavioural techniques

PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY

Psychodynamic therapy explores the influence of the unconscious mind, human development and the influence of past experiences on current difficulties the individual encounters in their day to day life. It originates from the psychoanalytic traditions and places emphasis on early relationships, unresolved conflicts, and internalised patterns that may still be active. This deeper self-understanding helps the client to release emotional tension, resolve inner conflicts, and create space for more authentic choices. Psychodynamic work is often longer-term, allowing exploration of complex emotional layers that influence a person’s life narrative.
View of Human Nature:
Early relationships and unconscious processes shape current functioning
Cause of Problems:
Unresolved conflicts, attachment issues, and defense mechanisms from past experiences
Therapeutic Approach:
Exploring unconscious patterns, examining early relationships, and interpreting transference

GESTALT THERAPY

Gestalt therapy emphasises awareness, presence, and personal responsibility. It is rooted in the belief that healing occurs when a person fully experiences the present moment and integrates fragmented parts of themselves. Instead of focusing solely on past events or abstract interpretations, Gestalt therapy works with what is happening here and now—thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, and relational dynamics within the session. Techniques such as role-play, empty-chair dialogue, and creative experiments help clients explore unfinished business, resolve inner polarities, and enhance self-support. The aim is to increase awareness and choice, enabling more genuine and satisfying interactions with the world.
View of Human Nature: Focus on present experience, self-awareness
Cause of Problems: Unfinished business, blocked emotions
Therapeutic Approach: Awareness exercises, integrating unfinished business

JUNGIAN-TRANSPERSONAL THERAPY

Jungian-focused Transpersonal therapy blends Carl Jung’s depth psychology with a holistic, spiritual perspective. It acknowledges the importance of the inner aspects of our psyche (archetypes), symbolic imagery, dreams, intuition while also addressing the human drive for meaning, purpose, and connection beyond the self. This approach supports personal transformation by integrating conscious and unconscious aspects, encouraging individuation—the process of becoming understanding the layers of the true self. By honouring both psychological and spiritual dimensions, it helps clients navigate life transitions, existential questions, and moments of profound inner growth.
View of Human Nature: Individuals seek wholeness by integrating conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche, with a focus on personal and collective unconscious, archetypes, and the individuation process.
Cause of Problems: Disconnection from deeper aspects of the psyche, imbalance between conscious and unconscious, unresolved complexes, and lack of integration of archetypal energies.
Therapeutic Approach: Dream analysis, active imagination, working with symbols and archetypes, exploring spiritual or transpersonal experiences to promote individuation and personal growth.